Common legal problems

When to call a personal injury lawyer

What to do after an accident, the deadlines that can catch people out, and how personal injury lawyers usually work and get paid. 4 min read

After a car crash, fall or other accident, it can be hard to know whether you need a lawyer or can deal with the insurance company yourself. This guide explains the steps that protect your options, whichever you choose.

First steps after an accident

Get medical care and follow your doctor's advice. Keep records of every visit, treatment and bill.
Report it to the police, your employer, the property owner or the business, as fits the situation, and get a copy of any report.
Document everything: photos of the scene, vehicles and injuries; names and contact details of witnesses; insurance information.
Keep a simple journal of pain, missed work and activities you can't do.
Be careful what you sign or say. Insurance adjusters for the other side may ask for a recorded statement or a broad medical records release. You can politely decline until you have advice.

Deadlines matter

Every state has a time limit, called a statute of limitations, for filing an injury lawsuit. It is often two or three years from the injury, but it varies by state and type of claim, and some are shorter. Claims against a government agency, such as a city bus or a public hospital, may require a written notice within a few months. If you miss a deadline, you can lose the claim entirely, so ask a lawyer about deadlines early even if you hope to settle.

When a lawyer is most useful

You were seriously hurt, missed significant work, or may need future treatment.
Fault is disputed, or more than one party may be responsible.
The insurer denies the claim, delays, or makes an offer that doesn't cover your bills.
The accident involved a commercial vehicle, a government entity, a defective product or medical care.

For a minor property-damage claim with no injury, you may be able to handle it yourself or in small claims court.

How injury lawyers get paid

Most personal injury lawyers work on contingency: no fee up front, and a percentage of any recovery at the end. Many offer a free first consultation. Read the agreement closely, especially how case costs are handled; see how contingency fees work.

Choosing one

Look for a lawyer licensed in the state where the accident happened who handles your type of case regularly, and check their license and discipline history; see how to check a license. Ask who will handle your case day to day and how often you'll hear from them.

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This guide is general information, not legal advice, and laws differ from state to state. For advice about your situation, talk to a lawyer licensed in your state. Last reviewed November 4, 2026.